Using Mathematical Models

  • EDEXCEL A Level

Video masterclass

Topic summary

Mathematical models are simplified representations of real-world situations, designed to help understand, analyse, and predict behaviours within a system. These models use mathematical equations and expressions to describe how variables interact and evolve over time.

Purpose of Mathematical Models

Mathematical models serve several key purposes:
  • They help explain complex systems or processes in a simplified way.
  • They allow predictions about future behaviour based on current or past data.
  • They support decision-making by simulating different scenarios and outcomes.

Constructing a Model

When constructing a mathematical model, a few steps are generally followed:
  • Identify the key variables involved in the system.
  • Determine the relationships between these variables (often through equations or functions).
  • Make necessary assumptions to simplify the system while maintaining its essential characteristics.
For example, to model the motion of an object, you might use the equation: \[ s = ut + \frac{1}{2} a t^2 \] Where:
  • \(s\) is the displacement.
  • \(u\) is the initial velocity.
  • \(a\) is the acceleration.
  • \(t\) is the time.

Limitations of Mathematical Models

All models are simplifications and, as such, have limitations:
  • They rely on assumptions that may not hold true in all real-world situations.
  • They may ignore variables that could affect the system.
  • They can only provide estimates or predictions, not exact results.

Testing and Refining Models

Once a model is created, it must be tested against real-world data to determine its accuracy. If the model’s predictions are not accurate, adjustments can be made to the model's assumptions or variables to improve its fit.

Extra questions (ultimate exclusive)

Ultimate members get access to four additional questions with full video explanations.